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How to buy stock

Investors most commonly buy and trade stock through brokers.

You can set up an account by depositing cash or stocks in a brokerage account. Firms like Charles Schwab and Citigroup’s Smith Barney unit offer brokerage accounts that can be managed online or with a broker in person. If you prefer buying and selling stocks online, you can use sites like E-Trade or Ameritrade. Those are just two of the most well-known electronic brokerages, but many large firms have online options as well.

Once you open an account you will tell your broker how many and what types of stocks you’d like to purchase. The broker executes the trade on the your behalf. In turn, he or she earns a commission, normally several cents per share. Online trading sites typically charge lower commission fees, because most of the trading is done electronically.

After selecting the stocks that you want to purchase, you can either make a “market order” or a “limit order.” A market order is one in which you request a stock purchase at the prevailing market price. A limit order is when you request to buy a stock at a limited price. For example, if you want to buy stock in Dell at $60 a share, and the stock is currently trading at $70, then the broker would wait to acquire the shares until the price meets your limit.

While purchasing stocks through a broker has its advantages, there are other ways to buy stock. You can purchase stocks directly through the company. Sites like DRIPInvestor.com will show a list of companies that allow direct-buy of stocks.

Investment properties: double down

You don't have to tell the average Canadian homeowner that real estate is a good investment. With very few exceptions, home equity has been building across Canada, and many Canadian homeowners have determined that two or more roofs are better than one. There are several reasons why a growing number of Canadians are purchasing investment properties:

 

1. Return on investment. Certainly, residential real estate is a solid long-term investment, typically appreciating faster than inflation. Even Canadians who have chosen their stock portfolio very carefully may find that their home is their best-performing investment. Many investment advisors recommend diversifying stock and bond portfolios to include real estate. Initially the goal is to have rental income cover all or most of the costs of the property. Over time the goal is to see an increase in the value of the real estate, with rent turning to profit once the mortgage is paid off. Expenses related to the property are of course tax deductible, offsetting the rental income

 

2. A pension plan for the future. Over the long term, an investment property or multiple real estate holdings can be a great source of retirement funds. Many Canadians do not have a pension plan, which means they need to take their own action to create sources of retirement income

 

3. A better alternative to student residence. Many Canadians are shipping off their university-age children, and housing them in an investment property purchased specifically for that purpose. They can save money on out-of-town accommodations for the student, and use revenue from other renting students to pay the mortgage and maintenance expenses.

 

4. Earlier access to a first home. For first-time home-buyers, a duplex or triplex can be a terrific way to get onto the home ownership ladder. Rental income from the extra units can help offset the cost of the mortgage as the new homeowners get on their financial feet.

 

Rules have changed however for investment property mortgages since the government's new mortgage rules that came into effect April 19, 2010. A minimum downpayment of 20% is required for an investment property i.e. you're not personally living in the property that you own, which is up from 5% prior to the new rules.  You can put down less than 20%, but you'll need to use an uninsured lender, which can mean higher interest rates. If you only have 1 to 4 properties, there are several CMHC lenders from which to choose from. Once you have more than 4 properties you need to start spreading out your business among several lenders so as to not reach the maximum number of mortgages a lender will approve per investor.

 

Other underwriting or qualifying rules have also come into play; Canada Mortgage & Housing Corp (CMHC), Canada's largest mortgage insurer, has changed the way they treat rental income in their debt service calculation, which can make qualifying more difficult.